Bayou battles for Vicksburg : the swamp and river expeditions, January 1-April 30, 1863
(Book)

Tim Smith chronicles the third through seventh attempts by Ulysses S. Grant to capture the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg, Mississippi. The accepted strategy up to this point [in the] war was aligned with the principles of the Swiss theorist Antoine-Henri Jomini, whose work was taught at West Point, where commanders on both sides of the conflict had been educated. But Jomini didn't have anything to say about creeks, rivers, and bayous in a subtropical swamp environment. Moreover, Jomini emphasized secure supply lines and a slow, steady, unified approach to a target such as Vicksburg. Grant threw out the book with a bold, and ultimately successful, plan to divide his forces to accomplish multiple goals and to confuse the enemy by cutting levies, flooding whole sections of watersheds, and bypassing strongholds by digging canals far around them, thus avoiding a direct approach. Once Grant finally reached the high, dry ground on the east side of the Mississippi River on May 1, the next phase began: the inland overland campaign began, and it continued for the next seventeen days.